Audits (examination)

Letter 531 notice — act this week

The notice of deficiency after an examination: the IRS's formal, final determination that you owe additional tax — and your 90-day ticket to petition the U.S. Tax Court before paying.

Last stop

What this letter is

The notice of deficiency after an examination: the IRS's formal, final determination that you owe additional tax — and your 90-day ticket to petition the U.S. Tax Court before paying.

Why you got it: An audit ended in disagreement (or silence), and the IRS closed it with the statutory notice.

What it is not

Not an assessment yet, and not collectible while the 90 days run. Miss the petition date, though, and it converts automatically — this deadline cannot be extended by anyone.

Your first move: Same discipline as CP3219A: calendar day 90 from the notice date today, and get advice now — this notice justifies a professional or a Low Income Taxpayer Clinic consult.

Your deadline, counted

Every clock runs from this date — not from the day the letter reached you.

Your options, in the order most people should try them

1. Petition Tax Court

Preserves the only forum where you argue before paying.

2. Pay if correct

Stops interest; a refund claim keeps a later challenge alive.

3. Professional / clinic consult

The stakes on an exam deficiency usually clear the bar for real help.

Your rights on this letter

  • Tax Court petition (pre-payment review).
  • Clinic representation for qualifying taxpayers (LITCs litigate these routinely).
  • You may still settle with the IRS after petitioning — most docketed cases do.

How to respond

Petition to the U.S. Tax Court per the notice's instructions — certified mail, receipt kept.

Scam check

Verify against your account/transcript; real deficiency notices never carry payment links.

If you ignore it

Assessment follows, then billing (CP14) and collection. The pre-payment court closes; the fallback is pay-first refund litigation.

Where this sits on the ladder: CP14 →

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Sources, checked 2026-10-19:
  • 26 U.S.C. 6213(a)
  • U.S. Tax Court (ustaxcourt.gov)